Panorama of Pecs (city, Hungary). Virtual tour of Pécs (city, Hungary)

214 km from, 30 kilometers from the border with. Population – 156,576 people (2005).

The city of Pecs is an important transport hub, industrial and cultural center of the South Transdanubia region.

Together with and, Pécs was the European Capital of Culture 2010.

Story

The city arose about 2 thousand years ago, although archaeological excavations prove the existence of a Celtic settlement on the site of Pecs from the 4th millennium BC. As part of the Roman province of Pannonia, the city was called Sopine (Sopiana). Beginning in the 4th century, a strong Christian community emerged in the city. Christian cemeteries from this period have survived to this day and are included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list.

After the collapse of the empire, the area was under the rule of barbarians, Huns and Avars. After the liquidation of the Avar Khaganate, it was under the rule of the Slavs, then annexed to the Holy Roman Empire. In 871, the city was first mentioned in documents of the Salzburg diocese under the name Quinque Ecclesia or “Five Churches”. The modern Hungarian name is a borrowing from Slavic, from the Great Moravian pĕt - Five (churches).

Since 1000 - one of the regional centers of Hungary, the main city of the county of Baranya and the episcopal residence. In the 11th century, a cathedral was built in the city; in the 12th century, a sculptural school flourished in the city.

In 1367, the first University in Hungary was opened in Pecs, which existed, however, for less than a hundred years.

After the defeat of the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Turkish troops occupied and sacked the city, and in 1543 it completely came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. As in other Hungarian cities, Christian churches were converted into mosques, and many buildings of Turkish architecture were built.

Pecs was liberated from the Turks in October 1686 and became part of the Habsburg Empire. During the years of Turkish rule, the Hungarian population of the city declined greatly, so the authorities encouraged the influx of German and Yugoslav colonists into the city. At the beginning of the 18th century, Slavs made up almost half of the city's population, while Hungarians made up only a quarter; another quarter were Germans.

In 1704, the city was plundered by troops of participants in the anti-Habsburg uprising led by Ferenc Rakoczi. After this, the city enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity. Until 1777 it was ruled by local bishops, then it was given the status of a free royal city.

During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-1849, the city was briefly occupied by the Croatian army. In 1867, a railway was built in the city; since 1882 it has connected Pécs with Budapest.

At the end of the First World War, Pec was occupied by Serbian troops. As a result of the war, Hungary lost part of its southern and southeastern lands to Romania and Serbia, and until August 1921 it was not clear whether Pecs would remain part of Hungary. Since the University of Pecs was abolished in the 15th century, in 1921, after it became clear that Pecs remained in Hungary, the University from Pozsony (Bratislava), which became part of Czechoslovakia, was transferred there.

During the Second World War, Pécs suffered less damage than many other Hungarian cities, but some historical buildings were damaged by bombing.

During the socialist period, the city rapidly industrialized, the population grew rapidly, reaching its peak - 180 thousand people in the 80s of the 20th century. After the collapse of socialism, Pécs, like other Hungarian cities, experienced a severe economic crisis. In addition, the war in neighboring Yugoslavia reduced the number of tourists to a minimum.

The crisis was overcome at the beginning of the 21st century. The city's infrastructure began to grow rapidly - a new airport, a ring highway in the city, and a new highway between Pécs and Budapest were built.

Transport

Pécs is connected to Budapest by road and railway.

Travel time by bus from Budapest is 3-4 hours. There are many buses, they leave from the Budapest bus station every 2 hours from 6 am.

Travel time by train from Budapest (Kaleti station) is about 3 hours. Trains also run to major Hungarian cities, Vienna, Osijek and Sarajevo.

Pecs-Pogany Airport is located near the city. The airport opened in 2006 and became the fifth international airport in Hungary.

City transport is represented by buses.

Sights of the city of Pécs

- included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. In the 4th century, several richly decorated tombs were built in the cemetery of the ancient Roman center of the province - the city of Sopiana (modern Pecs).

Underground crypts and above-ground memorial chapels stand out in construction, technical and architectural terms.

The tombs also have artistic significance, as they are richly decorated with magnificent wall paintings on Christian themes.

- built in the 11th century, rebuilt in 1882-91. Reliefs from the 11th century and the “lower church” (11th century) have been preserved. The originality of the architecture is emphasized by the four towers at the corners of the cathedral.

- the main square in the historical center of the city.

Belvaros Church(former Gazi Kasim Mosque, 16th century) - located in the central square of the city - Széchenyi Square.

- built in 1770. The architecture contains both Renaissance and Baroque features. On one of the balconies there is an unusual monument to F. Liszt - the composer seems to be looking out from the balcony.

- built in 1907.

- built in 1869.

- built in the 16th century. One of the best preserved Hungarian mosques. The height of the minaret is 23 meters.

- built in 1895 in Rococo style.

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- a round bastion left over from the city fortifications.

- (Pécs)Pecs, an industrial city in the Baranya region, southwest. Hungary, a famous wine region at the foot of the Mecsek Mountains; 171,560 inhabitants (1993). Formerly the capital of the south. parts of the Roman province Pannonia, P. was turned into a diocese by the first king of Hungary, St.... ... Countries of the world. Dictionary

Pécs (city in Hungary)- Coordinates: 46°05′00″ N. w. 18°13′00″ E. d. / 46.083333° n. w. 18.216667° E. d. ... Wikipedia

Pecs- This term has other meanings, see Pech (meanings). City of Pécs Coat of arms ... Wikipedia

Hungary- Republic of Hungary, state in the Center. Europe. The name is from the ethnonym Hungarians. The Hungarians themselves call themselves Magyars, and their country Magyarorszag is the country of the Magyars. See also Transylvania. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Pecs (city in Hungary)- PEČ (Pecs), a city in the southwest of Hungary (see HUNGARY), at the foot of the Mecsek mountain range, the administrative center of the county (see MEDIE) Baranya. Population 158.7 thousand people (2004). Mechanical engineering, woodworking, chemical, shoe leather... encyclopedic Dictionary

Pecs- city, adm. c. Baranya County, Hungary. Arose at the turn of the century. e. like rome Sopiana village. Modern the name Pecs appeared in the Middle Ages; Presumably, it was based on the Komoravian pet five. Perhaps the one mentioned in the 9th century is connected with it... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Pech (>)- Pecs (in Hungary) Pecs is a city in the southwest of Hungary (see Hungary) at the foot of the southern slopes of the Mecsek mountain range, 32 km from the border with Croatia (see Croatia). Population 155.9 thousand people. (2001). The administrative center of the region (council) is Baranya.… … Geographical encyclopedia

Pech (disambiguation)- Hungary: Pécs is the fifth largest city in Hungary. Pecs region is an administrative territorial unit of Hungary. Serbia, Kosovo and Metohija: (controlled by the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo) Pec is a city in Serbia. Pech community... ... Wikipedia

Hungary- (Magyarorszag), Hungarian People's Republic, a socialist state in Central Europe. Neolithic ceramics and sculpture, art monuments of the Scythians and Celts, remains of Roman settlements have been preserved on the territory of Hungary... ... Art encyclopedia

HUNGARY- (Magyarorszag), Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Nepkoztarsasag), Hungary, state in the Center. Europe, in bass. Danube. Pl. 93 t. km2. Us. 10.7 million hours (1983). The capital is Budapest (2.07 million, 1982). V. socialist state, developed industrial agr... ... Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary

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• Hungary, Ageev Kirill, Sartakova Maria. Hungary is a small charming country in Central Europe, the interest in which from Russian tourists is constantly growing. Arriving in Budapest, they are convinced that this is not all...

Pécs is a southwestern city in Hungary, located at the foot of the Mecsek mountain range. The administrative center is Baranya County. The city of Pécs is the fifth largest city in the country, with a population of 156,576 people. Pec spreads its possessions 200 kilometers from the capital, and only 30 kilometers from the Croatian border. The city is connected to Budapest by road and railway.

The first mention of the emergence of the city appeared nearly 2 thousand years ago, but archaeological excavations confirm that the first settlements on this site date back to the 4th century BC. The first name of the city, which was part of Pannonia (Roman province), sounded like Sopine. A strong Christian community was founded in the city in the 4th century. Christian cemeteries of those times are included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list, because they have survived to this day. With the collapse of the empire, the area in which the city was located fell under the rule of barbarians, Avars and Huns. And with the liquidation of the Avar Khaganate - under the rule of the Slavs, and eventually annexed to the Roman Empire. In 871, the city was first mentioned in documents under the name Quincke-Eklesie (Five Churches), of the Salzburg diocese. Pech The current name is nothing more than a borrowing from Slavic (from Great Moravian) - Five (churches). Since 1000, it has been one of the regional centers of the country.

In the 11th century, a cathedral was erected in Pécs, and the opening of the country’s first university dates back to 1367, which existed for nearly 100 years.

In 1526, Turkish troops sacked the city, and in 1543 it was under complete rule of the Ottoman Empire. The Turks turned all Christian churches into mosques. Pecs was liberated from Turkish rule in October 1686 and entered the Habsburg Empire. During the period of Ottoman rule, the city's population decreased significantly, and therefore the authorities encouraged the immigration of Yugoslav and German colonists to the city. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Slavs made up nearly half of the city's population, while only a quarter were Hungarians, and a quarter were Germans.

Power over the city until 1777 was in the hands of the episcopate, but soon Pécs gained the status of a free city. During the period 1848-1849 (Hungarian Revolution) the city was under Croatian occupation. With the advent of 1867, a railway was built in the city, which is the main connecting artery with Budapest.

Pécs is one of the largest centers of learning and culture. In 2010, this city was awarded the status of European Capital of Culture.

During the 150-year Turkish occupation, the city of Pecs prospered and was an economic center. The first university in the country was built here in 1367. Many buildings from those times have survived in the city to this day. This includes the Gazi Kasim Mosque, which is considered the best example of Turkish architecture in all of Hungary.

The city's industry is at a high level. It is represented by mechanical engineering, food industry, woodworking, leather and footwear and much more. But the most famous industrial part of the city is the production of ceramics - the famous porcelain of Zsolnay.Pecs

The historical center of Pecs is St. Stephen's Square. Back in the days of Roman Sopiana, this place was the center of the city. Next to it is the cathedral, built in the 9th century and characterized by Romanesque style. This cathedral has undergone repeated reconstructions, as a result of which its appearance is characterized by unique features. All construction work was completed only in the 16th century. Like other temples in the city, the cathedral was turned into a mosque, but two centuries later it returned to its original appearance.

A wonderful green and gold fountain took pride of place near the Jami Mosque. Giving all the colors of the rainbow, the water in the fountain comes out in a stream from four figures. A dome crowns this cone-shaped sculpture. Only up close you can see that the magnificent fountain is made of painted faience, which was created at the famous porcelain factory - “Zsolnai”.

In the area surrounding the city, in the post-war period, a coal basin was discovered and put into production; it is the only one in the country. It was thanks to this area of ​​industry that the city was revived after experiencing difficult times. Pecs has carried through many centuries its status of being an “ultra-modern” city in every century and occupying a leading position.

The unusual juxtaposition of monuments preserved from different eras gives the city a special character and sophistication, which earns it the status of the most interesting city in Hungary. In the very heart of the “old Pécs”, namely on Széchenyi Square, the walls of a building framed by a green dome rise proudly. Its appearance has notes that are reminiscent of a mosque, but a Catholic cross is placed above the dome that crowns the dome.

The local climate is pleasant with sunny days; cold weather is extremely rare here, as are cloudy days. These excellent conditions attracted the Romans, who were the founders of the city. Confirmation that the local climate is almost like a Mediterranean one are many elements, among which the most important is the long, long summer.

Pécs (Hungarian: Pécs [ˈpeːt͡ʃ]) is a city in southwestern Hungary, at the southern foot of the Mecsek Mountains. Administrative center of Baranya county. Population - 146,581 people (2014), Pécs is the fifth largest city in Hungary. The early Christian necropolis of Pecs is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Together with Essen and Istanbul, Pecs was elected European Capital of Culture 2010.

Geography and transport

The city is located 200 kilometers southwest of Budapest, 30 kilometers from the border with Croatia. Pécs is connected to Budapest by road (E73) and railway. Travel time by train from Budapest is 3 hours. Trains also run to major Hungarian cities, Vienna, Osijek and Sarajevo. City transport is represented by a network of bus routes. From 1913 to 1960, tram routes operated in the city, but in 1960 the tram was abolished. Pecs-Pogany Airport is located near the city. The airport opened in 2006 and became the fifth international airport in Hungary.

The city arose about 2 thousand years ago, although archaeological excavations prove the existence of a Celtic settlement on the site of Pecs from the 4th millennium BC. As part of the Roman province of Pannonia, the city was called Sopine (Sopiana). Beginning in the 4th century, a strong Christian community emerged in the city. Christian cemeteries from this period have survived to this day and are included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list. After the collapse of the empire, the area was under the rule of barbarians, Huns and Avars. After the liquidation of the Avar Kaganate, it was under the rule of the Slavs, then annexed to the Holy Roman Empire. In 871, the city was first mentioned in the documents of the Salzburg diocese under the name Quinque Ecclesia (lat. Quinque Ecclesia) or Five Churches, German - Fünfkirchen. The modern Hungarian name is a borrowing from Slavic, from the Great Moravian pĕt - Five (churches). Since 1000 - one of the regional centers of Hungary, the main city of the county of Baranya and the episcopal residence. In the 11th century, a cathedral was built in the city; in the 12th century, a sculptural school flourished in the city. The relief with scenes from the life of Samson that decorated the cathedral in Pech is distinguished by the vividness of its observations, soft generality and richness of forms. In 1367, the first University in Hungary was opened in Pecs, which existed, however, for less than a hundred years. After the defeat of the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Turkish troops occupied and sacked the city, and in 1543 it completely came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. As in other Hungarian cities, Christian churches were turned into mosques, and many buildings of Turkish architecture were built. Pecs was liberated from the Turks in October 1686 and became part of the Habsburg Empire. During the years of Turkish rule, the Hungarian population of the city declined greatly, so the authorities encouraged the influx of German and South Slavic colonists into the city. At the beginning of the 18th century, Slavs made up almost half of the city's population, while Hungarians made up only a quarter; another quarter were Germans. In 1704 the city was sacked by troops...

Pécs is one of those cities that you don’t want to leave. It was in order to return to this beautiful, fascinating city that they came up with a special ritual - hanging locks on Janus Pannonius Street (started in the mid-1980s) and throwing away the keys. Although many return to Pecs without this, to see the sights and inhale the aromas of the ancient cultural and historical capital of Hungary.

Here you can find fascinating archaeological excavations, Christian burials, and churches of indescribable beauty, because, no joke, the city was built more than 2 thousand years ago.

Arriving in Pecs, you can plunge headlong into the whirlpool of historical and cultural buildings, temples and unique churches. The spirit of antiquity hovers here; every building and attraction has its own fascinating history.

One of the most famous attractions is St. Peter's Cathedral, which greets tourists with large, amazing wrought-iron gates.

The cathedral is famous for hosting the German Franz Liszt, who played the organ here. In honor of this great composer, his bust stands on the balcony of the Bishop's Palace, overlooking St. Peter's Cathedral.

Location: Szent István tér - 23.

A symbol of antiquity and veneration of the monarchy, the Bishop's Palace was erected in honor of all the saints in Hungary. The landmark commemorates Saint Stephen and the Hungarian king, who were patrons of the church in ancient times.

The true symbol of the city of Pech is the Pasha Kasimov Mosque, or the church-mosque, as the townspeople call it. Its history is quite interesting and fascinating; throughout its existence, the church was under the rule of both Christians and Muslims, periodically moving from one to the other.

To commemorate tolerance and tolerance, an Islamic crescent and a Catholic cross now rise above the Pasha Kasimov Mosque. The peculiarity of this building is that the church is located in the very center of the city, at a high point in the central Széchenyi Square.

This fortification - the Barbican bastion - is a mighty ancient structure that was once part of a large bishop's castle.

The bastion was erected in the middle of the 15th century and includes a tall rounded tower, which was considered the main part of the castle’s fortifications. The construction was marked by the visit of General Pavel Kinishi to Pecs on the issue of the Turkish threat.

To keep the kids entertained in Hungary, you can take them on the forest railway in Pécs. Although it will certainly be fun for adults too! These are inexplicable, touching feelings of nostalgia and craving for trains, huge buzzing carriages.

The city of Pecs is a unique architecture that will meet everyone who wants to enjoy it when arriving in the center of Europe.

Here you can feel not only the traditions of Hungary, but also the eastern influence. This is an architectural monument, a tribute to the memory of a tragic period for all Hungarians, a time when several regions of the country were in the hands of Turkish invaders.

Location: Rókus-domb, Nyár u. - 6.

The oldest university in the city, built back in 1367, which at the very beginning served as the first scientific center in Central Europe of King Louis the Great.

In the city of Pec, a television tower with a total height of 176 meters was erected; it stands on a hill rising 535 meters above sea level. To fully enjoy all the capabilities of the amazing TV tower, a panoramic observation deck was constructed at an altitude of 75 meters, which provides a 360-degree view.

One level down, visitors and locals alike can enjoy fine dining at a themed restaurant that features a fascinating dinosaur exhibit.

In Pecs you can enjoy not only ancient monuments, but also modern pop objects. Thus, city guests can see here the Hungarian optical art object - the Vasarely Museum.

This is a house with history that will tell about the most significant and fascinating stages of the artist’s life Victor Vasarely. Each piece of furniture and exhibit tells about various milestones in Vasarely’s work and life.

Location: Kaptalan u. - 3.

The city of Pécs rightfully bears the name “cultural capital”; a program for the renovation of dilapidated factory buildings was recently carried out here Zsolnay. This is how the most beautiful Zsolnay quarter, fascinating with buildings and structures, appeared.

The unique, fascinating history of the zoo in Pécs is one of the main legends for tourist routes, which every resident of the city is proud of.

On the wall next to the ticket office you can see this fascinating history - the zoo was built in 1960-1961, workers worked for 45,367 hours completely free of charge. Thanks to the dedicated work of ordinary workers, the opening took place on August 19, 1961.

Location: Ángyán János.

In the center of Szechenyi Square, the famous house No. 12 was built in the late Baroque style back in the 18th century. Today it is a luxuriously restored building, including a lapidarium.

The mausoleum of the founder of the Zsolnay plant is located on the site where, at the beginning of the 19th century, there was a scaffold where Vilmos Zsolnay found his final resting place. The son of the founder of the plant decided to erect a mausoleum for his father on a hill, in a very symbolic place.

The famous Hungarian artist Mihaly Munkacsi often came to the house, which now houses a terrarium-aquarium. This is one of the popular attractions in the city, designed in the romanticism style of the last century.

Location: Ángyán János u. - 2.

This is the museum of the Hungarian famous artist Tivadara Kostka Chontvari, who personified the avant-garde movement of the first half of the 20th century. His work took place most of the time in Budapest, but Tivadar Kostka Csontvary became the first Hungarian artist to be widely known in Europe.

For almost 2 centuries in a row, the National Theater of Pécs has been offering local residents and guests of the city amazing theatrical performances in Hungarian and German.

Location: Színház tér - 1.

The Mecek Gate is the most beautiful and memorable place, an architectural structure that welcomes tourists in Mecek Park. To see the unforgettable beauty of the Mecsek Gate, you need to move along János Hunyadi Street, and the stone vaults will greet their guests on the right side of the road, just behind the Church of St. Paul.

When visiting the city of Pécs, you cannot pass by the Zsolnay Ceramics Museum, located at number 2 on Káptalan Street. Interestingly, the building was built back in 1324, and at that moment the first public library opened there. But during the Turkish occupation, the house at Káptalan, 2 was used as the residence of the Turkish imam.

In the southern region of Pannonia, the city of Pecs, there are Christian burials from early years, which provide clear evidence that there were Christian communities here as early as the 4th century. Today these are early churches, chapels and the remains of mausoleums.

The Hungarian city of Pécs is famous not only for its historical and architectural sights, but also for its beautiful natural panoramas. The landscape opening from the foot of the beautiful Mecek Mountains will leave indelible impressions in the memory of tourists.

A few words of history

Pecs is an ancient city in Hungary, about which there are still debates, in which different dialects and sounds are used. Pecs in Hungarian means "five", and the clearly audible Slavic roots cannot be missed here. The city began to be called this way in different languages ​​in honor of the name “five churches”.

During its history, the city has miraculously withstood all the difficulties and historical vicissitudes. These are the Romans, the settlement by Celtic tribes, and many others who left their traces in the culture and architecture of the city.